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Monday, March 22, 2021

Giovanni Carlo Scaramelli, Venetian Secretary in England, to the Doge and Senate; March 20, 1603 [1602 O.S.].


While Scaramelli could not, we can see that Arabella Stuart has been taken prisoner in order to prevent her or her supporters from laying claim to the English throne. Robert Cecil and co. have designed a smooth transfer of the monarchy to the Scottish King James VI upon Elizabeth’s death (expected at any moment). There must be no dynastic struggle or religious uprising, no ruinous civil war.

In this selection from the March 20 letter we get a look behind the curtain, reading the hints and statements that were available to the Venetian ambassadorial secretary, three days before the event, and how he interpreted them. It was impossible not to notice the masques and plays so common at Court during the Shrovetide had not materialized and excuses had to be made. The word went out: the Queen’s heart was broken over the loss of her dear, dear friend, Catherine Howard, Countess of Nottingham. When the Queen mourns, all the Court mourns.

As for Scaramelli’s request for an audience, “Her Majesty caused answer to be made”… Of course she never replied in person to such requests. That one of her attendants acted as go-between  was only normal. But a personal touch seems to imply that the Queen herself may actually have sent the reply: “she desired to discuss pleasant topics only with me”. The Queen herself, then, may not yet have surrendered to her fate. She may even have thought she could hold audience. That she could outwit death yet again through a pure act of will.

Some of the hints are mere hints to us even now. Was the report of the lavish funeral for Howard a cover for preparations that already were underway for the Queen’s funeral? Perhaps Cecil and co. feared that stray comments might be overheard that consequently needed a cover story?

What is also interesting is that Scaramelli seems genuinely to be unaware of the momentous events that were transpiring around him. He seems to have lacked the wariness that should be the first talent of ambassadorial personnel at their foreign stations.

I sought an audience of the Queen in order to conclude the business entrusted to me so that I might return to the feet of your Serenity. Her Majesty caused answer to be made that she desired to discuss pleasant topics only with me, and so, if I were seeking audience on the subject of my mission, she begged me to wait till the Commissioners appointed by her had reported; that this report would soon be presented on the advice of the Privy Council and by her own orders, and if the answer were to my satisfaction there would be no need for further discussion, if not, then I might address any further remarks I might have to make to her in person, for she would listen willingly, in the desire to give every gratification to your Serenity. The cause of the delay in the meeting of the Commissioners is the death last week of the Lord High Admiral’s wife. Apart from her husband’s exalted rank she herself was a lady of high consideration and one of the Queen’s principal ladies of the bed-chamber. This rank is reckoned so lofty here that they say her funeral is to cost forty thousand crowns. I might also add that the Carnival, which according to the English calendar continued down to the day before yesterday, has delayed the meeting, only here in Court it has not been observed with the usual accompaniment of dances and comedies, for the Queen for many days has never left her chamber. And although they say that the reason for this is her sorrow for the death of the Countess[1], nevertheless the truer cause is that the business of Lady Arabella has reached such a pitch that the son of the Earl of Hertford, to whom they affirm she is betrothed, has suddenly disappeared and is nowhere to be found, and Arabella for this reason has been removed from the custody of the Countess of Shrewsbury, and taken to the same castle where Queen Mary of England kept her sister, the present Queen, a prisoner,  opposing her right to the succession on the ground of her illegitimacy, and her Calvinism; disabilities subsequently removed by Act of Parliament, ere which Queen Mary, to please Philip II, declared her sister capable of succeeding to the throne.

It is well known that this unexpected event has greatly disturbed the Queen, for she has suddenly withdrawn into herself, she who was wont to live so gaily—specially in these last years of her life, when, as far as health was concerned, her days seemed numerous indeed but not burdensome—and to force herself to throw off all care but that of enjoying life; how she allows grief to overcome her strength, and so anxious is she that rumours of this beginning of troubles should not spread beyond the kingdom, that she forbade either persons or letters to leave any of the ports, although, perceiving that this provision came late and was too violent to secure silence, she subsequently abandoned it. All minds are anxious and the partizans of the King of Scotland, the most powerful party, in order to destroy public sympathy for Arabella, are spreading reports prejudicial to her character as an honest woman both in the past and in the present.

London, 20 March 1603.

 

Source: Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, Relating to English Affairs,… Venice (1592-1603). IX.554-5.

 


[1] Catherine Howard, Countess of Nottingham had died on February 25.


Also at Virtual Grub Street:

  • William Camden to Sir Robert Cotton. March 15, 1603 [1602 O.S.]. October 11, 2020. “Here their topic is the dying Queen Elizabeth. The Royal Court had developed a checklist of activities to be accomplished before a dying monarch should expire.”
  • A Most Curious Account of the Funeral of Queen Elizabeth I: April 28, 1603.  April 28, 2019.  “Once it was clear that James I would face no serious challenges, Cecil and the others could begin to give attention to the matter of the Queen’s funeral.”
  • Queen Elizabeth I’s Heart and the French Ambassador.  April 3, 2019.  “…the Queen of England, with the permission of her physicians, has been able to come out of her private chamber, she has permitted me… to see her…”
  • Lady Southwell on the Final Days of Queen Elizabeth I.  March 24, 2019.  “her majesty told [Lady Scrope] (commanding her to conceal the same ) that she saw, one night, in her bed, her body exceeding lean, and fearful in a light of fire.”
  • Check out the English Renaissance Article Index for many more articles and reviews about this fascinating time and about the Shakespeare Authorship Question.
  • Check out the English Renaissance Letter Index for many letters from this fascinating time, some related to the Shakespeare Authorship Question.
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