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Monday, November 02, 2020

The Renowned Cavaliero Pasquill of England from Rome to London Stone.

In A Countercuffe given to Martin lunior: by the venturous, hardie, and renowned Pasquill of England, Caualiero, 1589,[1] Thomas Nashe introduces a new contestant into the Marprelate Controversy — between the Puritans and the bishops of the Church of England — that had already held the rapt attention of the nation of England and it authorities for some two years. While the pamphlet was published anonymously there can be no doubt that it was written by Nashe.  Even slightly reigned in, his style is utterly unique.

Of Pasquill he says:

To be brefe with your worshipfultie, Pasquill hath posted very diligently over all the Realme,…[2]

And by no means only over all the Realm:

For he came latelie oversea into Kent, fro thence he cut over into Essex at Gravesende, and hearing some tidings of Hartfordshire, because hee cannot ride far without a bayte, he made much haste as hee could to S. Albanes, where he staid one whole Sabaoth at the Christopher, and having there pestered a newe paire of Writing-tables with profitable Notes for that quarter, he sette forwarde the Munday following to North-hamptonshire,…[3]

Pasquill is not only a constant traveler but a constant writer. By the end of the pamphlet, the style of Nashe seems to take the persona of Pasquill.

In the next Pasquill pamphlet,[4] the Nashe style is rarely to be seen. Pasquill describes his origin as as the famous statue,[5] in Rome, on which the people posted their satires upon government officials and high ranking citizens. His interlocutor, Marforius,[6] was the statue upon which were written replies.

Pasquill describes his resumé. For a statue his hearing was exceptional.

I was once a Barbour in Rome, (as some report) and every chayre in my shop was a tongue full of newes…. The high and secrete matters of Lordes, Ladies, Kinges, Emperours, Princes, Popes, and Monarchs of the world, did ring every day as shrill as a Bason about my doores.[7]

He was a collector of secrets in Rome as all barbers are. Nothing was not known to him. But coming under the Pope’s displeasure and hearing “of the Sects and opinions sprong uppe in Englande,” he departed for the latter shores.

In England, he serves the Queen. The Marprelatist Puritans, he explains, are every bit as much a danger to her as the Roman Catholics. If not found and crushed, “every Pruritane transported with the heate & ignorance of his zeale, will be as readie as a Papist, to lift up his hand against her”[8]. He is her majesty’s servant.

But this is not all Pasquill is about. As Marforius informs us in a rare passage in the pamphlet that has the mark of Nashe, he is constantly traveling over the Channel for various reasons only vaguely implied.

Ever since you tooke shipping at Gravesende, I have had the disease of a Marchants wife, so love sicke in your absence, that myne eye was never pulde from the Wethercocke, and longing like a Woman for your returne,[9]

His destinations are many and secret. He moves among gentlemen.

I was once in Antwerpe, when great sute was made to the Masters of the English house,[10] (by a Gentleman then emploied in the Queenes affaires)[11]

He has “learned to maske it,”[12] to cover his movements, to wear disguises. He is a master of his trade, whatever precisely it may be.  No one knows where he is unless he wants them to.

I thinke I shall proove a state man, my packets come in so fast alreadie, that I beginne to swell in Bookes as bigge as Surius.[13] [14]

He would seem to be on the government service fast track. Marforius speaks of “your volume of The lives of the Saints.” Again, this might be Nashe. The reference is that Pasquill is collecting the names of the Marprelate Puritans for the government’s purposes.

The final bit of description of the Cavaliero is contained in his “Pasquils Protestation Uppon London Stone”:

I Cavaliero Pasquill, the writer of this simple hand, a young man, of the age of some few hundred yeeres, lately knighted in Englande, with a beetle and a bucking tub, to beat a little reason about Martins head, doe make this my Protestation unto the world, that if any man, woman, or childe, have any thing to say against Martin the great, or any of his abettors, of what state or calling soever they be, noble or ignoble, from the very Court-gates to the Coblers stall, if it please them these dark Winter-nights, to sticke uppe their papers upon London-stone, I will there give my attendance to receive them, from the day of the date hereof, to the full terme and revolution of seven yeeres next ensuing.[15]

 

Next: the man who was the renowned Cavaliero Pasquill of England.



[1] Grossart, Alexander B. The Complete Works of Thomas Nashe (1883-4). “A Countercuffe given to Martin lunior: by the venturous, hardie, and renowned Pasquill of England, Caualiero” (1589). I.75-85.

[2] Ibid. I.79.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Grossart, Nashe. “The Returne of the renowned Cavaliero Pasquill of England, from the other side the Seas, and his meeting with Marforius at London upon the Royall Exchange” (1589). I. 89-139.

[5] Pasquino ( Latin Pasquillus).

[6] Marforius (Latin Marphurius, Marforius)

[7] Grossart, Nashe. I.92.

[8] Ibid. I.103.

[9] Ibid. I.91.

[10] Something in the nature of an Embassy.

[11] ibid., I.105.

[12] Ibid. I.91.

[13] Laurentius Surius (1522–78). Catholic historian and papal favorite.

[14] Ibid. I.92.

[15] Ibid. I.136.


Also at Virtual Grub Street:

  • A 1572 Oxford Letter and the Player’s Speech in Hamlet. August 11, 2020. “The player’s speech has been a source of consternation among Shakespeare scholars for above 200 years.  Why was Aeneas’ tale chosen as the subject?”
  • Portia’s Quality of Mercy.  June 2, 2020. “Likely a line from Sonnenschein’s 1905 follow-up essay “Shakspere and Stoicism” is to the point: ‘I hope, by the way, that no "Baconian" will find in this article grist for his mill.’
  • Shakespeare’s Funeral Meats. May 13, 2020. “Famous as this has been since its discovery, it has been willfully misread more often than not.  No mainstream scholar had any use for a reference to Hamlet years before it was supposed to have been written.”
  • Henry Neville’s Twelfth Night in Context. January 13, 2020. “Winwood informed his correspondent that the Grand Duke de Medici and his Duchess had arrived in Marseilles together with a large entourage including three Florentine princes, Virginio, Giovanni and Antonio.”
  • Check out the English Renaissance Article Index for many more articles and reviews about this fascinating time and about the Shakespeare Authorship Question.
  • Check out the English Renaissance Letter Index for many letters from this fascinating time, some related to the Shakespeare Authorship Question.

  


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