Robert
Alexander Hillingford (1828–1904) |
- Queen Mary I to Princess Elizabeth, January 26, 1553 [1554 N.S.]
- Sir Henry Bedingfeld’s Notes Regarding Princess Elizabeth in The Tower.
- Bedingfield’s Remembrances of Princess Elizabeth’s Journey to Woodstock, May 1554.
- Queen Mary I to Henry Bedingfeld, 21 May 1554. Instructions for care of Princess Elizabeth at Woodstock.
Upon capture the young rebel leader was questioned under
torture. The Council was already in possession of two notes he had sent to
Elizabeth which proved, at least, that she was familiar with Wyatt and was
aware days before that something was about to occur. Her enemies spoke of
him incriminating her. Her allies were silent. Wyatt himself on the scaffold
announced that she was in no way involved.
Wyatt’s public statement was badly received by her
arch-enemy Bishop Gardiner. A stunning anecdote in Holinshed’s Chronicle[1]
makes clear that the Bishop was determined to quash any idea of her innocence.
Vpon this it followed not long after, that a certeine
prentise dwelling in saint Laurence lane, named Cut, as he was drinking with
one Denham a plaisterer being one of queene Maries seruants, amongst other talke, made mention how sir Thomas Wiat had
cleared the ladie Elizabeth, and the lord Courtneie, to be no consenters to his
rising. Which words being brought to Gardiner (by what means I in know not)
incontinent vpon the same, sir Andrew [L]ud was sent by the said bishop brought
to the lord maior, commanding him to bring the said prentise to the
Starchamber, which was accused of these words, that he should saie that Wiat
was constrained by the councell to accuse the ladie Elizabeth, and the lord
Courtneie.
The Queen herself would soon fall ill and Gardiner take the
opportunity to sign a warrant for Elizabeth’s execution.
The order was brought to the Queen’s attention and she
countermanded it. As we know, Elizabeth would suffer many hardships over the
Wyatt Rebellion and her popularity with the Protestants but she was not
executed. Had Wyatt actually implicated the Princess it seems unlikely that she
would have been allowed to live. Or, perhaps, Mary suspected that Wyatt had
been told that his torture would not end unless he incriminated whomever the
Bishop required.
The rebellion defeated and interrogations sufficiently far
along, Mary sent agents to see to it that Elizabeth obeyed the order to present
herself at St. James. She set out with them on March 15, 1553 [1554 N.S.] Once there, all but a few of her servants were
given quarters outside of the palace and she was placed under guard. Her
requests for an audience were met with silence.
On the 18th, she was transferred to The Tower
where Gardiner attempted her execution. Mary called upon Henry Bedingfeld, a
trusted ally, to bring a force of one hundred men to The Tower in order to be
Elizabeth’s jailer and protector.
The following is his list of the instructions he had been
given for her proper care and further questions that had come to mind.[2]
They give us a more detailed picture of her time there than is generally
available in such situations. We learn that she had four rooms, that her few
servants remained with her and the rest remained outside the gates, how her
laundry was taken care of, etc. It is a fascinating picture.
Articles comitted to my brother Anthonie to know my lorde
Chamberleyn off the householde[3]
hys plesure in. and all other that he dydde p'cribe unto me, as ordres to be
observed by hys p'sidente aboute my Ladie elizabeths grace.
1. Ffyrst his Lordeshippe ordre was, that hir grace sholde
have lib'tee off iiijor chambres wherin her grace doth lye, and nooe
man to cū there but suche off the Quenes s'vunts and hyr owen, as be appointed
daylye to attende uppon hir grace.
2. Itm, hir grace to have lib'tee to walke in the Gardeyn
when so ever she doth comaunde, forenoone and afternoone, in wch tyme
eyther my lorde Shandoes or I, henry Bedyngfeld, knyght, to geve or
attendiince at that tyme, letting hir grace to cū directlye oute off hir
lodgyng into the gardeyn through the doores, wheroff my sayde lorde delyvered
me the keyes.
3. Itm, hir grace to have hyr plesure, and walke in the grette
chambre nexte to hir owen chamber when so ever she comaundeth the same, the
p'sons abovesayde gevyng their attendunce as ys abovesayde.
4. Itm, this p'sente xxvth off Apryll shee made desyre
to have liberte to walke in the grette galorie. Wherin hys lordshipps Ordre ys
to be known speciallye.
5. Itm, all lynnen broute to hir grace clene by the laundresse
to be delyvered to the quenes women. And theye to see all the foule lynnen
delyvered to the sayde laundresse.
6. Itm, all other thyngs brought to hir grace to be vewed
& serched by the sayde Syr henrye or oon off his brothers at the fyrst
comyng In onlye.
7. Itm, wthin what Limitte my ladye Elizabeths gracs
own s'vnts attendyng uppon hir wthin the toure, shall remayn.
8. Itm, yff eny of them fall sycke wthin the
toure, whether they may be licensed to departe into the towne, there to take
there ease or nooe.
9. Itm, whether eny off hir s'vnts beeng marryed maye have
theire wyffs repayryng into them or there lodgyng wth them or nooe.
10. Itm, whether yt shall be suffered that enye other then
hir gracs s'vnts for hir ᵽvision off victual onlye, shall have there repayre
into the toure, and have eny p’vate conference or eate & drynke wth those
whooe remayneth wth her grace or nooe.
11. Itm, to knowe the ordre off the quenes maties counsell how my ladyes gracs s'vnts lieng aboute the gate called colde harburgh shall be used & comaunded.
[1]
Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland... (1808). Vol.
4. 26.
[2] “State
Papers Relating to the Custody of the Princess Elizabeth”. Norfolk Archaeology.
141-43.
[3] “State
Papers Relating to the Custody of the Princess Elizabeth”. Norfolk Archaeology.
145n. “Sir John Gage, K.G., Lord
Chamberlain to Queen Mary. He had been t distinguished statesman in the reign
of Henry VIIi, having filled the offices of Privy Councillor, Vice-
Chamberlain, Captain of the Guard, Comptroller of the Household, Chancellor of
the Duchy of Lancaster, and Constable of the Tower for life. He died April 11,
1556, aged 77, and was buried at West Firle, Sussex.”
Also at Virtual Grub Street:
- Excerpts from Letters about the Origin of the 1563 Plague. January 17, 2021. “on the progress of the conflict between Queen Elizabeth I’s forces and those of the French Regent, the Queen Mother, Catherine de Medici.”
- A Thousand Years of English Terms. June 2, 2019. ‘One person did not say to another, “Meet you at three o’clock”. There was no clock to be o’. But the church bell rang the hour of Nones and you arranged to meet “upon the Nones bell”.’
- A Most Curious Account of the Funeral of Queen Elizabeth I: April 28, 1603. April 28, 2019. “Once it was clear that James I would face no serious challenges, Cecil and the others could begin to give attention to the matter of the Queen’s funeral.”
- The Battle Over Shakespeare's Early and Late Plays. September 24, 2018. “The answers to the post-Oxford dilemma, of course, are three.”
- Check out the English Renaissance Article Index for many more articles and reviews about this fascinating time and about the Shakespeare Authorship Question.
- Check out the English Renaissance Letter Index for many letters from this fascinating time, some related to the Shakespeare Authorship Question.
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